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香港,中国 - Media OutReach - 2020年6月17日 - 早确诊早治疗的对策,除了有助改善肺癌治愈率,在肺癌骨转移阶段,更能有效预防及医治骨骼相关事件,避免因病理性骨折而失去日常活动能力,令癌症治疗进程受阻,也加重患者身心痛苦,或什缩短存活期。

早发现早医治 减少肺癌骨转移并发症

肺癌是香港常见癌症,心胸肺外科专科钟少石医生表示,近年较精准而低辐射的电脑断层扫描(CT扫描)愈见普及,一旦发现肺部有阴影,会立即转介至专科医生跟进,不再只是单靠观察。因此,目前早期肺癌的治愈率已相当理想。一些肺癌高危人群如45岁或以上的吸烟者、50岁或以上非吸烟者、有肺癌家族史人士,均建议做电脑扫描以帮助诊断早期肺癌,防止因延迟治疗而恶化至骨转移阶段。

 

早期手术根治 防日后骨转移

钟医生指近年超声波气管镜技术,能准确地抽取近气管的淋巴肿瘤组织检查,以助分期及定下治疗策略。一至二期肺癌会做作根治性手术治疗,现时香港本地术后存活率相当理想,也有研究数据显示,一期肺癌手术后5年存活率可高达7至9成1,因此,患者只要身体不太差,就可接受单孔胸腔镜肺叶切除手术,切除癌变肺叶及清除淋巴,伤口可小至2.6公分。至于新式的电磁导航支气管镜技术,不久将来可辅助肺癌治疗,通过先进的标记定位,进一步令肿瘤切除手术和电疗更精准,将恶化和骨转移的风险降至最低。

早发现早医治 减少肺癌骨转移并发症

肺癌骨转移 需及早展开骨质治疗

当肺癌患者确诊时已属晚期骨转移,香港临床肿瘤科专科李宇聪医生指出,应及早在癌症治疗中加入骨质治疗方案,以巩固骨骼,减少及控制因骨转移致骨骼被侵蚀而出现的「骨骼相关事件」(skeletal-related events,简称SRE),2包括: 脊髓压迫、病理性骨折、骨骼下榻而须电疗和做手术,及并发高血钙症。

打补骨针 治骨骼相关事件

预防及治疗骨转移引致骨骼相关事件的药物,俗称补骨针,常用的包括 : 2双膦酸盐类(bisphosphonates)静脉注射针剂,及较新的RANKL抑制剂皮下注射针剂。两者功效相约,双磷酸盐类药物价钱较相宜,但不适合肾功能较差者;RANKL抑制剂则可用于肾功能较差者,皮下注射也较简便,2有研究指相比双磷酸盐类,RANKL抑制剂较能延缓骨骼相关事件的发生时间,或减低其发生的风险。

 

香港较常以补骨针配合止痛药和电疗为混合疗法,以医治癌症骨转移及止痛。如无并发症,补骨针可长期使用,惟少部份患者可能会出现血钙过低,要服维他命D补充剂及钙片作补充2;另有极少数者牙骹可能有骨枯,须保持口腔清洁、定期牙医检查,以减低风险。

 

如对治疗有任何疑问,请向医生查询。

 

参考资料 :

1. McDonald F, De Waele M, et al.; European Respiratory Journal 2017 49: 1600764

2. Coleman R, Body JJ, Aapro M,et al.; ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Ann Oncol. 2014;25 Suppl 3:iii124-iii137

 

 

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