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香港,中国 - Media OutReach - 2018827 - 香港卫生署最新数据显示,1584岁香港人口当中,高胆固醇血症患者占近一半,情况令人震惊 ! 心脏科专科医生陈普来指出,高胆固醇血症是引发心肌梗塞和缺血性中风的元凶,患者必需尽早接受适当的药物治疗,以有效降低心血管并发症的风险。

高胆固醇血症尽早用药 可有效降低中风和心肌梗塞风险

 

高胆固醇血症,是指体内的胆固醇,尤其是里面的"坏"胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,超出了安全标准。

 

胆固醇是构成细胞壁、胆汁、激素及维生素D的主要成分,当中包括"好、坏"两种。"好"胆固醇是指"高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)",主要收集血液内的胆固醇,将其带回肝脏并排出体外;"坏"胆固醇是指"低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)",作用是将胆固醇从肝脏运送到血管,供细胞使用。然而,正因为这样,胆固醇却由此容易积聚于血管内壁,久而久之就形成了粥样斑块,导致管腔狭窄及血管壁变厚,这种情况成为动脉粥样硬化,可影响心脏的冠状动脉或脑血管。当血液流通受阻时,可导致心肌梗塞或缺血性中风。

 

坏胆固醇超标易血管病变

陈普来医生表示,根据欧洲心脏学会指南,一般成年人的"坏"胆固醇水平不应超过4.1 mmol/L;中等风险人士如二型糖尿病患者,"坏"胆固醇水平不应高于2.5mmol/L;高风险者如曾患中风、心肌梗塞或有其他心血管病的人士,其"坏"胆固醇水平更应低至1.8mmol/L或以下。经常进食含反式脂肪酸的食物,肥胖导致的代谢综合症,以及家族遗传等均是高胆固醇血症的高危因素。

 

高胆固醇血症一般病征不明显,往往要等心肌梗塞或中风,送院检查时才发现。陈医生表示,有患者会出现周边血管疾病的情况,例如 : 经常走路时小腿抽筋,手、脚突然因血流受阻而感冰冷,甚至出现肌肉萎缩、乏力。此外,有些家族性高胆固醇血症的患者,眼皮四周多出现脂肪粒,或手肘有脂肪小硬块。

 

PCSK9针剂非疫苗  

现时治疗高胆固醇血症主要以他汀类药物为主,药效虽受肯定,但也有不少患者服用后,承受不了肌肉疼痛、肝酶升高等副作用;而且家族性高胆固醇血症的患者,服用他汀后降胆固醇效果欠佳;此时医生可按情况,改用新一代PCSK9抑制剂,如依伏库人单抗等皮下注射的针剂。

陈医生表示此药靶向抑制一种称为PCSK9的蛋白,能使低密度脂蛋白受体 (LDLR )正常地清除血液中的坏胆固醇,并可与他汀类药物一起使用。有研究显示,此药能进一步降低两成的心血管并发症风险。

 

近年不少国内患者误以为这类新一代PCSK9抑制剂是"疫苗",注射了一次即可预防高胆固醇甚或将其根治。陈医生指出,这种针剂需要持续每两个星期,或每个月注射一次,以便长时间控制好胆固醇水平,并预防心血管并发症。

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